TEXT 2 ‘Martin Eden’
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Study the glossary to the article. Find the words in the context and choose the proper translation.
bunch 1. 1) жмутик, жмуток, віхоть, віхтик, горстка, горсточка, пучок, гроно, китиця - bunch of keys - bunch of grapes - bunch of fives 2) букет ( квітів ) 3) група, компанія He is the best of the bunch. — Він найкращий з них. 4) стадо, зграя 2. 1) створювати пучки, грона 2) збитися до купи, стискати( тж. bunch up ) Don't bunch the flowers up so tightly, you'll spoil them. — The singers bunched up to make room for one more.
gang 1) а) набір, комплект ( інструментів або обладнання ) Syn: outfit 1. б) коллекція gang of saws — колекція прислів'їв 2) група людей, об'єднана спільними інтересами а) партія, бригада; артель; зміна to form a gang — організувати бригаду gang leader — бригадир - work gang б) банда, злочинна зграя, ватага , to break up, bust (up) a gang — розігнати зграю inner-city gang — juvenile gang — банда неповнолітніх street gang — вулична зграя Syn: band в) компанія, тусовка
grafter 1) людина, що займається щепленням дерев 2) садовий ніж II 1) людина , що користується своїм службовим станом з метою отримання особистого зиску нечесним способом а) хабарник Syn: bribe taker , bribe-taker б) шантажист Syn: blackmailer 2) злодій, злодюжка, шахрай,торбохват, пройдисвіт Syn: swindler , cheat , thief I III трудівник, працівник Syn: toiler , worker
haunt 1. 1) а) місце, яке часто відвідують ( для відпочинку та т.ін ), притулок quiet haunt Syn: resort 1. б) нора ; притон, лігвище, кублище, кубло, гніздо Syn: den 1., nest 1., lair 1. 2) а) привид б) місце, яке часто відвідують привиди Syn: ghost 1. б) невідступно переслідувати My brother haunts me all the time! 2) завдавати муки, не давати спокою (у думках) ; Problems we ignore now will come back to haunt us. The tune haunted her all day long. Syn: trouble 2. 3) ( про привидів) жити, з'являтися My father's ghost still haunted our house.
haw II 1) хо! 2) хм... III 1. буркотіння Pauses were filled by a prolonged haw. Syn: mutter , mumble 2. буркотіти, вимовляти незрозумілі звуки to hum and haw — мимрити The meeting is terrible, and the chairman haws and hums.
nomenclature 1) номенклатура, перелік, список 2) термінологія nomenclature of law — юридична термінологія Syn: terminology
repudiate 1) відмовлятися, відкидати, нехтувати а) зректися to repudiate one's father — to repudiate the property б) відмовитися мати справу Not only did the whole repudiate the physician, but also those who were sick
shirk 1. 1) крастися, скрадатися Syn: sneak 2. 2) а) ухилятися to shirk school б) перекладати відповідальність ( upon, on to; тж. shirk off ) to shirk responsibility — ухилятися від відповідальності • Syn: avoid , evade 2. ; = shirker
4.8 Read the text from “Martin Eden” by Jack London.
London, Jack (1876-1916), American writer, whose work combined powerful realism and humanitarian sentiment. He was born John Griffith London in San Francisco. After completing grammar school, London worked at various odd jobs, and in 1897 and 1898 he participated in the Alaska gold rush. Upon his return to the San Francisco area, he began to write about his experiences. A collection of his short stories, The Son of the Wolf, was published in 1900. During his brief but colorful life, London wrote more than 50 books, experienced enormous popular success as an author, worked as a war correspondent, and undertook two stormy marriages.
Many of his stories, including his masterpiece The Call of the Wild (1903), deal with the reversion of a civilized creature to the primitive state. London's style—brutal, vivid, and exciting—made him enormously popular outside the United States; his works were translated into many languages. London's important works include People of the Abyss (1903), about the poor in London; The Sea Wolf (1904), a novel based on the author's experiences on a seal hunting ship; Martin Eden (1909), an autobiographical novel about a writer's life; John Barleycorn (1913), an autobiographical novel about London's struggle against alcoholism; and The Star Rover (1915), a collection of related stories dealing with reincarnation.
From Martin Eden by Jack London
CHAPTER XLIV
Mr. Morse met Martin in the office of the Hotel Metropole. Whether he had happened there just casually, intent on other affairs, or whether he had come there for the direct purpose of inviting him to dinner, Martin never could quite make up his mind, though he inclined toward the second hypothesis. At any rate, invited to dinner he was by Mr. Morse - Ruth's father, who had forbidden him the house and broken off the engagement.
Martin was not angry. He was not even on his dignity. He tolerated Mr. Morse, wondering the while how it felt to eat such humble pie. He did not decline the invitation. Instead, he put it off with vagueness and indefiniteness and inquired after the family, particularly after Mrs. Morse and Ruth. He spoke her name without hesitancy, naturally, though secretly surprised that he had had no inward quiver, no old, familiar increase of pulse and warm surge of blood.
He had many invitations to dinner, some of which he accepted. Persons got themselves introduced to him in order to invite him to dinner. And he went on puzzling over the little thing that was becoming a great thing. Bernard Higginbotham invited him to dinner. He puzzled the harder. He remembered the days of his desperate starvation when no one invited him to dinner. That was the time he needed dinners, and went weak and faint for lack of them and lost weight from sheer famine. That was the paradox of it. When he wanted dinners, no one gave them to him, and now that he could buy a hundred thousand dinners and was losing his appetite, dinners were thrust upon him right and left. But why? There was no justice in it, no merit on his part. He was no different. All the work he had done was even at that time work performed. Mr. and Mrs. Morse had condemned him for an idler and a shirk and through Ruth had urged that he take a clerk's position in an office. Furthermore, they had been aware of his work performed. Manuscript after manuscript of his had been turned over to them by Ruth. They had read them. It was the very same work that had put his name in all the papers, and, it was his name being in all the papers that led them to invite him.
One thing was certain: the Morses had not cared to have him for himself or for his work. Therefore they could not want him now for himself or for his work, but for the fame that was his, because he was somebody amongst men, and - why not? - because he had a hundred thousand dollars or so. That was the way bourgeois society valued a man, and who was he to expect it otherwise? But he was proud. He disdained such valuation. He desired to be valued for himself, or for his work, which, after all, was an expression of himself. That was the way Lizzie valued him. The work, with her, did not even count. She valued him, himself. That was the way Jimmy, the plumber, and all the old gang valued him. That had been proved often enough in the days when he ran with them; it had been proved that Sunday at Shell Mound Park. His work could go hang. What they liked, and were willing to scrap for, was just Mart Eden, one of the bunch and a pretty good guy.
Then there was Ruth. She had liked him for himself, that was indisputable. And yet, much as she had liked him she had liked the bourgeois standard of valuation more. She had opposed his writing, and principally, it seemed to him, because it did not earn money. That had been her criticism of his "Love-cycle." She, too, had urged him to get a job. It was true, she refined it to "position," but it meant the same thing, and in his own mind the old nomenclature stuck. He had read her all that he wrote - poems, stories, essays - "Wiki-Wiki," "The Shame of the Sun," everything. And she had always and consistently urged him to get a job, to go to work - good God! - as if he hadn't been working, robbing sleep, exhausting life, in order to be worthy of her.
So the little thing grew bigger. He was healthy and normal, ate regularly, slept long hours, and yet the growing little thing was becoming an obsession. WORK PERFORMED. The phrase haunted his brain. He sat opposite Bernard Higginbotham at a heavy Sunday dinner over Higginbotham's Cash Store, and it was all he could do to restrain himself from shouting out:-
"It was work performed! And now you feed me, when then you let me starve, forbade me your house, and damned me because I wouldn't get a job. And the work was already done, all done. And now, when I speak, you check the thought unuttered on your lips and hang on my lips and pay respectful attention to whatever I choose to say. I tell you your party is rotten and filled with grafters, and instead of flying into a rage you hum and haw and admit there is a great deal in what I say. And why? Because I'm famous; because I've a lot of money. Not because I'm Martin Eden, a pretty good fellow and not particularly a fool. I could tell you the moon is made of green cheese and you would subscribe to the notion, at least you would not repudiate it, because I've got dollars, mountains of them. And it was all done long ago; it was work performed, I tell you, when you spat upon me as the dirt under your feet."
4.9 Use the expressions below in the sentences of your own. Try to make a connected text on the problem of fairness of compensation between the job perfomed and the fruits obtained for it.
for the direct purpose of
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as if he hadn't been working, robbing sleep, exhausting life, in order to be worthy of …
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days of desperate starvation
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I could tell you the moon is made of green cheese and you would subscribe to the notion
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never could quite make up his mind
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no justice in it
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not to care to have him for himself or for his work
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one of the bunch and a pretty good guy
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standard of valuation
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the way the society valued a man
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to admit there is a great deal in what i say
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to be aware of the work performed
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to be an expression of oneself
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to be on his dignity
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to be somebody amongst men
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to check the thought unuttered on your lips and hang on my lips
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to condemn smb. for an idler and a shirk
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to desired to be valued for himself, or for his work, which
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to disdained such valuation
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to eat such humble pie
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to go on puzzling over
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to have increase of pulse and warm surge of blood
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to have no inward quiver
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to hum and haw and
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to incline toward the second hypothesis
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to oppose writing because it does not earn money
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to pay respectful attention to whatever i choose to say
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to put smth. off with vagueness and indefiniteness
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to restrain oneself from shouting out
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to scrap for
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to spat upon me as the dirt under your feet
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to take a clerk's position in an office
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to urge smb to get a job
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work could go hang
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4.10 Discuss the following questions:
What is the main idea of the text at large and how is it conveyed to the reader? Try to formulate it in brief.
Expand the inner struggle experienced by Martin Eden.
Expand upon the retrospective scenes, their content and structure. What is the role of the scenes in the text? What do we learn about Ruth and Mr Morse and their relationship to Martin?
Some up the characters involved in the selection discussed. Summarize the writer’s method in presenting his characters, his technique of character drawing. Pick out the words characterising each person mentioned.
What does the author mean when giving the idea that “There was no justice in it, no merit on his part. He was no different. All the work he had done was even at that time work performed.”? Express your own opinion on the subject.
What does Martin mean by “ When he wanted dinners, no one gave them to him, and now that he could buy a hundred thousand dinners and was losing his appetite, dinners were thrust upon him right and left.”? How does he treat the problem of what he qualifies as “the paradox ”?
What is said about the individual’s ability to cognize the talent in the story ? Say what you think about it .
What stylistic devices prevail in the text ? Point them out and comment on their function.
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Evaluating a story. What tropes are used to give particular emphasis to an idea or sentiment of a reader? Study the piece of theory below and define what type conflict in the texts 1, 2 , 3, (unit1) and 1, 2 (unit 2) are. Give your reasons.
The plot of a novel unfolds as the novel’s characters deal with conflict. The conflict may be of various types. It may be physical. The conflict may be ethical and involve making decisions that affect other people. The conflict in a novel may also be emotional.
Don Quixote (Part I, 1605; Part II, 1615) by Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes describes conflict between an individual and society.
Conflict can also occur within a character’s own mind, as that character struggles internally.
Most novelists draw the reader in by having the novel’s conflict develop over time. The reader sees the situation that provokes the conflict, the development of the conflict from episode to episode, and then the climax and the resolution of the conflict. As the tension builds toward the main conflict, the author may introduce subplots that create and resolve other points of conflict. Some novelists reverse the reader’s expectations by describing the aftermath of the story, then going back in time to reveal how the characters arrived at that point.
4.12 Give a summary of your comments on the text.
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