ПРАКТИЧНИЙ КУРС АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ Навчальний посібник з практики усного та письмового мовлення для студентів 4 курсу

PART 6 COMPREHENSION CHECK

6.1 Test yourself

1. 
   Translate into English.
   

   	промислово розвинена і постіндустріальна ( що базується на сферах послуг і інформаційних технологій) економіка вільної конкуренції
   	рентабельний, прибутковий бізнес
   	розподіл; роздача
   	соціальна служба; соціальне обслуговування; надання соціальних послуг; соціальне забезпечення
   	споживання; витрата, витрати, витрата , сфера споживання
   	теорія цін чи мікроекономіка
   	тимчасове, сумнівне процвітання; проспериті і спад, депресія, економічна криза
   	товари і послуги
   	фірми, що надають побутові послуги
   	фонди

2. 
   Translate into Ukrainian.
   

1. 
   Business is the organized approach to providing customers with ______________________ they want.
   
2. 
   Examples of _______________________ include such organizations as social service agencies, foundations, advocacy groups, and many hospitals.
   
3. 
   Business plays a vital role in the life and culture of countries with industrial and postindustrial (____________________________) free-market economies such as in the United States.
   
4. 
   In free-market systems, prices and wages are primarily determined by __________________________ governments.
   
5. 
   Businesses provide just about anything consumers want or need, including _____________________ such as food and housing, luxuries such as whirlpool baths and wide-screen televisions, and even personal services such as caring for children and finding companionship.
   
6. 
   After the devastation of World War II, a substantial rebuilding boom, combined with _____________________ from the U.S., generated rapid growth in Western Europe and Japan.
   
7. 
   OPEC's policies dramatically reduced the possibilities of _____________________both in the industrialized countries and in those developing nations without oil of their own.
   

1. 
   Translate into English.
   

   загальний обсяг попиту

   закон попиту та пропозиції

   засоби першої необхідності

   збільшити рентабельність до максимальної межі

   збільшувати безробіття

   конкурентний ринок ( ринок конкуруючих продавців і покупців )

   макроекономіка

   масиви цін, ставок заробітної плати, розмірів прибутку, орендної плати

   намагатися досягти раціональними способами

   національний доход і безробіття

2. 
   Translate into Ukrainian.
   

1. 
   By 2000 , however, inflation was significantly reduced and reforms toward a system based on ________________________were accelerated.
   
2. 
   The value of Ukraine's _______________________(GDP) in 1998 was $43.6 billion.
   
3. 
   Some 40 percent of workers are employed in industry, 40 percent in the _____________________, and 20 percent in agriculture.
   
4. 
   Unemployment is rising steadily, especially in the form of _____________________ , which includes people who have been kept on payrolls but have not been paid salaries.
   
5. 
   Although official data reported an _______________________ of only 1.6 percent in 1996, the minister of labor acknowledged an actual rate of more than 11 percent.
   
6. 
   Products of relatively poor quality and ________________________ obstruct entry into the global market, while the increasing cost of the energy needed to power industry makes many items too expensive to produce.
   
7. 
   Most of Ukraine's electricity (48 percent in 1998) is supplied by _______________ power stations.
   

1. 
   Translate into English.
   

1. 
   Collective cooperatives and state-owned farms, holdovers from the Soviet period, continue to outnumber _________________________; private ownership is allowed, but lack of capital, social attitudes, and the high cost of fuel have discouraged it.
   
2. 
   Ukraine is the world's third largest ______________________and seventh largest producer of iron ore.
   
3. 
   Heavy industries such as metalworking, mechanical engineering, and machinery and chemicals manufacturing ____________________________sector.
   
4. 
   Light industries producing ________________such as household appliances are underdeveloped by Western standards.
   
5. 
   Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine's industrial sector has been cut off from ___________________, and supplies from former republics are no longer easily accessible.
   
6. 
   To supply ________________, Ukraine must import 80 percent of its natural gas and 90 percent of its oil.
   
7. 
   Lacking the funds to purchase what it needs, however, Ukraine has had to ________________of these sources.