1. Загальна характеристика

1.Загальна характеристика:

2.Структура екзаменаційного білета :

ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 1

3.Структура питань білета :

1. 
   The problem of higher education in Ukraine.
   
2. 
   The job of an interpreter.
   
3. 
   Your views about the art of translation.
   
4. 
   Current economical problems.
   
5. 
   The problems of Economy in Ukraine.
   
6. 
   The problem of career prospects for the young.
   
7. 
   The problem of career stages.
   
8. 
   The problem of career and higher education.
   
9. 
   The problem of starting career in Ukraine.
   
10. 
    The problem of getting higher education in Ukraine.
    
11. 
    The Financial Aspects of Getting Higher Education
    
12. 
    Going to college delayed maturity and independence for many Ukrainians;
    
13. 
    Getting higher education extends many of the stresses of adolescence into a person’s 20s and postponing the rites of adulthood, such as marriage and childbearing.
    
14. 
    As modern society pays more attention to education, it also devotes a greater proportion of its resources to it.
    
15. 
    Parents are expected to support their children longer and to forgo their children's contribution to the household.
    
16. 
    The workplace in different cultures
    
17. 
    The competitive career environment
    

1. 
   Among the rights sought currently by feminist groups throughout the world are the right to serve on juries, the right to retain earnings and property after marriage, the right to retain citizenship after marriage to an alien, and the right to equal pay and equal job opportunity.
   
2. 
   The rapid changeover in industry from peace to war led to training schemes for semiskilled workers, for workers transferred to new jobs, and for women newly brought into industry.
   
3. 
   If the grand jury finds sufficient evidence to justify a trial on the crime charged, it issues an indictment—a formal document containing a plain statement of the facts constituting the offence charged.
   
4. 
   Finally, it has been argued that advertisers exercise an undue influence over the regular contents of the media they employ--the editorial stance of a newspaper or the subject of a television show.
   
5. 
   To trace the precise relations between art and morality is far from easy; for want of a better term, "interactionism" could be used to label the view that aesthetic and moral values each have distinctive roles to play in the world but that neither operates independently of the other.
   
6. 
   Among the rights sought currently by feminist groups throughout the world are the right to serve on juries, the right to retain earnings and property after marriage, the right to retain citizenship after marriage to an alien, and the right to equal pay and equal job opportunity.
   
7. 
   At the operating level in industry and in public utilities, new techniques, new methods, new tools, new synthetics, new sources of power, and increased uses of automation have brought extensive changes in the past decades, and the rate of change tends to increase as time goes on.
   
8. 
   The Fourth Amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures and describes how law enforcement officials can obtain warrants (court orders permitting a search or arrest).
   
9. 
   In response it has been pointed out that such influence is counteracted, at least in the case of financially strong media firms, by the advertiser's reliance on the media to convey his messages; any compromise of the integrity of a media firm might result in a smaller audience for his advertising.
   
10. 
    It would be admitted, first of all, that works of literature (which will be examined first, since of all the arts the relation of literature to morality is most obvious) can teach valuable moral lessons through explicit presentation: the genre that has this as its aim is didactic literature, as exemplified by Pilgrim's Progress by the English Puritan John Bunyan and Back to Methuselah by the Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw.
    
11. 
    Women’s rights guarantee that women will not face discrimination on the basis of their sex, though until the second half of the 20th century, women in most societies were denied some of the legal and political rights accorded to men.
    
12. 
    Comparable changes are taking place in the office with the extended use of computers and data processors, which provide for the storing and recall of information in amounts unknown 20 years ago.
    
13. 
    After an arrest is made, a series of events takes place leading up to either release, a guilty plea, or a trial to determine the accused person’s guilt or innocence.
    
14. 
    In a free-market economy effective advertising is essential to a company's survival, for unless consumers know about a company's product they are unlikely to buy it.
    
15. 
    But most works of literature do not exist to teach a moral lesson: possibly, Shakespeare did not write Othello merely to attack racial prejudice or Macbeth to prove that crime does not pay. Literature does teach but in a far more important way than by explicit preachment: it teaches, as John Dewey said, by being, not by express intent.
    
16. 
    Many people believed that women’s natural roles were as mothers and wives and considered women to be better suited for childbearing and homemaking rather than for involvement in the public life of business or politics.
    
17. 
    Great emphasis is now placed on a good start through initial job training, supplemented by orientation sessions or by attractively produced printed material describing the nature and objectives of the employment and the conditions of work.
    
18. 
    If arrested on a serious offense, the accused will be placed in a holding facility to await the filing of an initial charging document (complaint) and a first appearance before a judge or magistrate.
    
19. 
    The other advertising media include direct mail, which can make a highly detailed and personalized appeal; outdoor billboards and posters; transit advertising, which can reach the millions of users of mass-transit systems; and miscellaneous media, including dealer displays and promotional items such as matchbooks or calendars.
    
20. 
    Literature presents characters and situations (usually situations of difficult moral decision) through which the reader can deepen his own moral perspectives by reflecting on other people's problems and conflicts, which usually have a complexity that his own daily situations do not possess.
    
21. 
    Widespread belief that women were intellectually inferior to men led most societies to limit women’s education to learning domestic skills while well-educated, upper-class men controlled most positions of employment and power in society.
    
22. 
    Sensitivity training has been introduced to help individuals to study their own behaviour and reactions to one another by means of group discussion in which there is frank analysis of interrelationships between members of the group.
    
23. 
    A person prosecuted in the federal courts on a charge of violating a federal criminal law is subject to federal criminal procedure.
    
24. 
    Advertising is the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what is advertised.
    
25. 
    The reader can view such situations with a detachment that he can seldom achieve in daily life when he is immersed in the stream of action; by viewing these situations objectively and reflecting on them, he is enabled to make his own moral decisions more wisely when life calls on him in turn to make them.
    
26. 
    Because most women lacked the educational and economic resources that would enable them to challenge the prevailing social order, women generally accepted their inferior status as their only option.
    
27. 
    Members of the training staff create a situation by playacting, and the trainees either comment on what is taking place or participate in the attempt to find a solution, or they perform functions or services in conditions that simulate their working environment.
    
28. 
    A judge determines whether or not the accused person should be tried after reviewing the evidence during a preliminary hearing.
    
29. 
    Most advertising involves promoting a good that is for sale, but similar methods are used to encourage people to drive safely, to support various charities, or to vote for political candidates, among many other examples.
    
30. 
    Through literature the reader is carried beyond the confines of the narrow world that most persons inhabit into a world of thought and feeling more profound and more varied than his own, a world in which he can share the experiences of human beings (real or fictitious) who are far removed from him in space and time and in attitude and way of life.
    
31. 
    At this time, women shared these disadvantages with the majority of working class men, as many social, economic, and political rights were restricted to the wealthy elite.
    
32. 
    The case-study method has become popular; a problem situation is presented in considerable detail and trainees are asked to make suggestions for its solution.
    
33. 
    If temporary pretrial release was not secured at an earlier stage, the magistrate will consider whether the accused is entitled to be released on bail and, if so, the conditions the accused must meet to gain release from custody pending the trial.
    
34. 
    In many countries advertising is the most important source of income for the media (e.g., newspapers, magazines, or television stations) through which it is conducted, in the noncommunist world advertising has become a large and important service industry.
    
35. 
    Through literature the reader is carried beyond the confines of the narrow world that most persons inhabit into a world of thought and feeling more profound and more varied than his own, a world in which he can share the experiences of human beings (real or fictitious) who are far removed from him in space and time and in attitude and way of life.
    
36. 
    In the late 18th century, in an attempt to remedy these inequalities among men, political theorists and philosophers asserted that all men were created equal and therefore were entitled to equal treatment under the law.
    
37. 
    This widespread interest in training has led to considerable innovation in method. Formal lectures have given way to group discussion.
    
38. 
    Nolo contendere plea has the same consequences as entering a guilty plea, but it does not require the defendant to admit guilt.
    
39. 
    The great expansion of business in the 19th century was accompanied by the growth of an advertising industry; it was that century, primarily in the United States, that saw the establishment of advertising agencies. The first agencies were, in essence, brokers for space in newspapers.
    
40. 
    Literature enables the reader to enter directly into the affective processes of other human beings, and, having done this, no perceptive reader can any longer condemn or dismiss en masse a large segment of humanity as "foreigners" or "wastrels," for a successful work of literature brings them to life as individuals, animated by the same passions as he is, facing the same conflicts, and tried in the same crucible of bitter experience.
    
41. 
    In the 19th century, as governments in Europe and North America began to draft new laws guaranteeing equality among men, significant numbers of women—and some men—began to demand that women be accorded equal rights as well.
    
42. 
    Some very large corporations have developed their own systems of technical classes, supplementary to direct job training.
    
43. 
    The defense may file a variety of pretrial motions objecting to various aspects of the prosecution which may challenge the sufficiency and form of the charging documents or the composition and conduct of the grand jury.
    
44. 
    But by the early 20th century agencies became involved in producing the advertising message itself, including copy and artwork, and by the 1920s agencies had come into being that could plan and execute complete advertising campaigns, from initial research to copy preparation to placement in various media.
    
45. 
    Through such an exercise of the sympathetic imagination, literature tends to draw all men together instead of setting them apart from one another in groups or types with convenient labels for each.
    
46. 
    The growing split between home and work reinforced the idea that women’s “rightful place” was in the home, while men belonged in the public world of employment and politics.
    
47. 
    For the more technical skills, it is quite common in the United States for the large employer to make arrangements with a university to set up special courses; in Great Britain it is more usual to encourage employees to attend regular class facilities to obtain technical certificates..
    
48. 
    A few states permit conviction on less than a unanimous verdict in some cases.
    
49. 
    There are eight principal media for advertising. Perhaps the most basic medium is the newspaper, which offers advertisers large circulations, a readership located close to the advertiser's place of business, and the opportunity to alter their advertisements on a frequent and regular basis.
    
50. 
    Far more than preaching or moralizing, more even than the descriptive and scientific discourses of psychology or sociology, literature tends to unite mankind and reveal the common human nature that exists in everyone behind the facade of divisive doctrines, political ideologies, and religious beliefs.
    
51. 
    The second wave of organised efforts by women to achieve greater rights gained momentum during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, when the struggle by African Americans to achieve racial equality inspired women to renew their own struggle for equality.
    
52. 
    Sometimes this is achieved by "sandwich" training, periods on the job alternating with periods at a technical institute.
    
53. 
    A motion for a new trial on the basis of newly discovered evidence that, had it been available at the trial, might have resulted in an acquittal may be made after the defendant has been sentenced; however, there is generally a time limit on this.
    
54. 
    Magazines, the other chief print medium, may be of general interest or they may be aimed at specific audiences (such as people interested in outdoor sports or computers or literature) and offer the manufacturers of products of particular interest to such people the chance to make contact with their most likely customers.
    
55. 
    Still, wide and serious reading of literature has an observable effect: people who do this kind of reading, no matter what their other characteristics may be, do tend to be more understanding of other people's conflicts, to have more sympathy with their problems, and to be able to empathize more with them as human beings than do people who have never broadened their horizons by reading literature at all.
    
56. 
    Most Enlightenment thinkers had little to say about the position women held in society, and many of their followers assumed that the concepts of liberty, equality, and political representation applied only to men.
    
57. 
    Many employers encourage further education by paying tuition fees or by allowing free time to attend classes.
    
58. 
    Following cross-examination, the original party may conduct a redirect examination of the witness in order to explain away matters brought out on cross-examination.
    
59. 
    A strategy will combine creativity in the production of the advertising messages with canny scheduling and placement, so that the messages are seen by, and will have an effect on, the people the advertiser most wants to address.
    
60. 
    No one who has read great literature widely and for a considerable period, so as to make it an integral part of his life, can any longer share the same provincialism and be dominated by the same narrow prejudices that seem to characterize most people most of the time.
    
61. 
    In response to Rousseau and others who belittled the role of women in society, English writer Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791), in which she argued that, like men, women were naturally rational but their inferior education often taught them to be silly and emotional.
    
62. 
    Since changes are frequent with technological advances, refresher training has become common in clerical as well as in industrial work.
    
63. 
    If the judge again denies the motion, the case goes to the jury after the judge provides instructions concerning the applicable law.
    
64. 
    Given a fixed budget, advertisers face a basic choice: they can have their message seen or heard by many people fewer times, or by fewer people many times: this and other strategic decisions are made in light of tests of the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.
    
65. 
    Literature, perhaps more than anything else, exercises a leavening influence on the temper of a man's moral life,- it looses him from the bonds of his own position in space and time; it releases him from exclusive involvement with his own struggles from day to day; it enables him to see his own local problems and trials from the perspective of eternity--he can now view them as if from an enormous height.
    
66. 
    In the early 19th century, the vast majority of married women throughout Europe and the United States still had no legal identity apart from their husbands ; this legal status—known as coverture—prohibited a married woman from being a party in a lawsuit, sitting on a jury, holding property in her own name, or writing a will. In custody disputes, courts routinely granted permanent custody of children to the father.
    
67. 
    Thereafter, the rapid contemporary advance of technological change made training a necessity in almost all walks of life.
    
68. 
    A retrial following a hung jury does not violate the Fifth Amendment’s prohibition against double jeopardy, which generally prevents a person from being tried twice for the same offense.
    
69. 
    In criticism of advertising it has been argued that the consumer must pay for the cost of advertising in the form of higher prices for goods; against this point it is argued that advertising enables goods to be mass marketed, thereby bringing prices down.
    
70. 
    Its moral potency is perhaps greatest when it presents not systems but human beings in action, so that through the exercise of the imagination the reader can see his own customs and philosophies as he sees theirs: as some among many of the countless adjustments and solutions to human problems that different circumstances and man's endlessly varied and resourceful nature have produced.
    
71. 
    Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony insisted that the 15th Amendment be expanded to guarantee suffrage to women, while with the formation of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890, the women’s rights movement focused almost exclusively on attaining the right to vote.
    
72. 
    During and after World War II, in-service training by employers became a common practice.
    
73. 
    Available sentences include fine, forfeiture, restitution, probation, some form of incarceration or deprivation of liberty, or a combination of these.
    
74. 
    It has been argued that the cost of major advertising campaigns is such that few firms can afford them, thus helping these firms to dominate the market; on the other hand, whereas smaller firms may not be able to compete with larger ones at a national level, at the local level advertising enables them to hold their own.
    
75. 
    If these same people had been exposed from early youth to great masterpieces of literature and had learned through them to appreciate the tremendous diversity of human mores and beliefs held by other groups, with the same degree of sincerity that they themselves possess, they would be less likely to be as harsh, intolerant, and rigid as they are.
    

4.Рекомендовані навчально-методичні матеріали :

4.1 Основна та додаткова література

4.2 Перелік навчальних та інших посібників та технічних засобів

4. Критерії оцінки

5. Урахування рейтингу :

1. 
   Визначається рейтингова оцінка студента з навчальної дисципліни за семестр. Максимальна кількість рейтингових балів (М) дорівнює загальному числу годин, відведених для дисциплін у учбовому плані.Викладач повинен так оцінити кожен вид контролю, щоб сума максимальних балів (М) кількісно дорівнювала числу годин дисципліни.
   
2. 
   Пропонується наступна схема видів поточних контролів:
   

1. 
   Відвідування занять- 10%
   
2. 
   Письмові види КСРС – 40%
   
3. 
   Усні види КСРС -40%
   
4. 
   Заохочувальні бали за сумлінність, творчість, науковість - 10%
   

1. 
   Відвідування занять- 10%
   

2. 
   Письмові види КСРС – 40%
   

3. 
   Усні види КСРС -40%
   

4. 
   Заохочувальні бали за сумлінність, творчість, науковість - 10%
   

3. 
   Якщо рейтинг складає від 3,7 балів до 4,6 бали, то пропонується виставити екзаменаційну оцінку- автомат „добре”.
   

4. 
   Студент може спрогнозувати свою рейтингову оцінку за спрощеною схемою таким чином: